http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003073.htm2 W$ `# U& F* ~! J8 n
Coughing up bloodEmail this page to a friendShare on facebookShare on twitterBookmark & SharePrinter-friendly version
! q1 U& i2 o! ^* m" t; J2 ACoughing up blood is the spitting up of blood or bloody mucus from the lungs and throat (respiratory tract)./ Y& D' u$ e7 n2 y! P
( `6 S4 s+ ?* @3 w6 F2 B) t$ AHemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.6 g8 S2 u& u4 \! x7 Z, f
: v" T0 Y1 n( m* YConsiderations
# ^+ n4 C+ i4 b: s) g- ^- T. E$ k) L- D$ i9 K
Coughing up blood is not the same as bleeding from the mouth, throat, or gastrointestinal tract.; p- c7 m8 q! B3 u. z0 p
1 [( c& l7 M& X \ a
Blood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and mucus. It is usually bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus may only contain streaks of blood.8 e9 ]+ `- R4 Y$ A# z
! @/ X. g% ]# ?- I) k
Causes
- i9 v* q5 w& D+ m+ R% K. P# @7 t/ R7 _9 y) p( J
A number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood, including:
; t) E& @( {4 ^
5 Q5 W' g# f) M# ]. J7 l1 l) @8 KBlood clot in the lung
# k: O- {1 L6 E* @; t8 MBreathing blood into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration)* l0 Q3 A+ n/ _$ }
Bronchoscopy with biopsy5 G6 [8 o* S: G+ G
Bronchiectasis6 ^: t& S: G& {2 X1 \
Bronchitis
, _3 j4 \% t4 B) R8 v# TCancer/ n( _( A, U& F
Cystic fibrosis
) i4 q: m2 @' ~2 s2 e! `% V/ U- rInflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis)
$ F* H6 g/ p2 UInjury to the arteries of the lungs0 e+ J; l: K, {) P+ Q
Irritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood)5 m' r1 r3 v0 a* y; N T9 E
Pneumonia or other lung infections
0 G5 ?" C3 @ y' u O5 SPulmonary edema# Z% d6 z" W* |& x3 Q/ Y; K% U9 P
Systemic lupus erythematosus( \0 P: `, n" |( U2 O7 C N
Tuberculosis$ l' H) S- M8 e7 n- B" b
Home Care* C! F, z& O; M
, U& J) ~2 Z5 u" E" E
Cough suppressants may help if this condition is due to throat irritation from violent coughing. However, cough suppressants may lead to airway blockages in some cases. Always check with your doctor before using them.
2 N3 z; b, t; W p/ [$ t8 U
; F$ \4 E9 I/ TIt is very important to note how long you cough up blood, and how much blood is mixed with the mucus. Contact your doctor any time you cough up blood, even if you do not have any other symptoms.+ J* y" D9 B7 p) A
7 o2 C" e b- q6 C, D5 e! x8 bWhen to Contact a Medical Professional* A& Z2 v8 j. |5 S
A- V" }5 x( Y9 |9 zGet medical help right away if you cough up blood and have:) A1 b, o+ L: T+ o3 O. O, \# Z
; H1 m; m7 S9 |0 X! Y
A cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood6 g! e( e3 o; G
Blood in your urine or stools. U% u* ] D2 b4 e9 C; V0 {
Chest pain
; C9 @0 Q' \/ zDizziness/ N* M1 \$ k# Q6 R2 U
Fever% g. B, N: z$ Y! R8 b$ R
Light-headedness/ t4 h R8 _) g7 {7 R
Severe shortness of breath4 U& }9 T( F, i' v
What to Expect at Your Office Visit6 Q1 W& \% k. V: s
5 K6 T+ z9 ~. B0 T
In an emergency case, your doctor will give you treatments to control your condition. The doctor will then ask you questions about your cough, such as:
+ {. y6 j4 r3 ?$ q
9 T7 g* Z- T" W0 WType
) f5 O5 T) i! B7 r2 j' R) AAre you coughing up large amounts of blood (massive hemoptysis)?) P4 z3 X/ m" x3 J
Can you see blood when you cough up something?
& R7 ? n5 x0 h4 GHow many times have you coughed up blood?# n2 L$ \5 P: D
Is there blood-streaked mucus (phlegm)?/ u$ t+ N& r" X E
Time pattern. o* ?6 Y! T" D/ Y. Z, _1 i" t; G
Did it begin suddenly?$ K$ h8 D+ a% s+ n
Has it increased recently?
U- b" H' a$ z4 \8 u QFor how many weeks has the cough lasted?
6 U/ Q$ N( J" s- ~3 M' i2 [Is the cough worse at night?, H- {- G; F6 ~- a) G& A
What other symptoms do you have?
+ o6 n) H' n) t$ F' L' }6 y1 x3 aThe doctor will do a complete physical exam and check your chest and lungs. Tests that may be done include:
6 S; q8 t, @( \) f2 o
6 N2 i& k; l3 \8 Z1 b+ gBronchoscopy, a test to view the airways" k3 [ m6 {4 f+ ~# T3 i
Chest CT scan6 r5 K( }. S& R0 H6 e
Chest x-ray
+ t+ G0 s \8 [) A, r6 `Complete blood count5 w/ t$ r4 k3 [& p, q
Lung biopsy
, ^# E8 Q& ]5 P4 ^" a# B$ G8 NLung scan
- L# \) y$ I. XPulmonary arteriography5 |' M& _2 ~4 x6 r, D
Sputum culture and smear5 S0 X' Z6 @5 }1 N, \
Test to see if the blood clots normally, such as PT or PTT |
显身卡
谢谢老马
